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Title: Regulator Freeze Protection
Author: Jerry Nagy
Source: 2007 Western Gas Measurement Short Course
Year Published: 2007
Abstract: Freezing regulators and ice build up on pipes and regulator bodies in balmy CaliforniaNaaaah! But yes, regulators freeze off and ice builds up on pipes and the location does not matter. Freezing gas has been a problem ever since we started gas transmission and it all comes down to the transfer and distribution of energy. From 1852 to 1856 James Prescott Joule and William Thompson (who later to became Lord Kelvin), studied the phenomena of a cooling effect of an expanding gas and related it to the transfer of energy and the work done to compress the gas and the transfer of that energy (work) when the gas expands as the pressure drops. In simple terms compression equals heat - expansion equals cooling - energy balance. The temperature drop is about one degree F for every 15 psi (103 kpa) pressure drop. It is relevant to know the cooling effect

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