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Title: Principles And Application Of Automatic Control
Author: J. L. Hanner
Source: 1965 Southwestern Gas Measurement Short Course (Now called ISHM)
Year Published: 1965
Abstract: Whether or not one is involved in industrial process work, examples of automatic control are encountered daily. In the home modern toasters, washing machines, and ranges utilize automatic control. Some office machines and even the more complicated neon signs make use of an automatic control cycle. Although the use of the term automatic control conjures up pictures of huge computers, with blinking lights and horns, in the minds of some, automatic control may be as simple as the timer on an oven. Most of these everyday examples of automatic control, however, may be classified as open loop devices that is, there is no feedback of information from the process to modify the control cycle. If the breakfast toast is burned, this does not necessarily mean that the toaster has malfunctioned. What is required is feedback from the housewife in the form of an adjustment of the timing cycle. This closes the control loop. The same analogy might be used with an automatic washer, which blindly goes through its cycle until it stops, whether the clothes are clean or not. This could be a closed loop operation if a device were available to sense the cleaness of the clothes and adjust the washing cycle accordingly. In industrial process work, closed loop control is more frequently encountered.

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