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Title: Energy Measurement Using On-Line Chromatographs
Author: Paul E. Kizer
Source: 2004 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 2004
Abstract: Most natural gas custody transfer contracts today use MMBtu2 rather than Mcf as the accounting units of gas transfer. An MMBtu is calculated by: Btu/cf * MMcf MMBtu A Btu is the acronym for British thermal unit. One Btu is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water from 58.5oF to 59.5oF (about 1055.056 joules (SI))3. The Btu, then, is the measure of the actual amount of heat energy contained in a cubic foot (cf) of this natural gas. On line gas chromatography is today being chosen more often in the natural gas industry for monitoring of gas quality for the following reasons: The calculations of the gas volumes in modern electronic flow meters require not only Btu5,10,13 information, but relative Density (specific gravity, SG), Mol. % CO2 and Mol. % N2 and other components as well. The current AGA-8 compressibility calculation equations also require a complete analysis for the detailed method of calculation of FPV 15 The analysis information can be used to calculate the theoretical speed of sound using AGA 1016 The environmental installation requirements for Chromatographs are less stringent than calorimetric methods.

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