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Title: Pulsation Effects On Orifice Metering Considering Primary And Secondary Elements
Author: Robert J. Mckee
Source: 1994 Gulf Coast Measurement Short Course (Now called ASGMT)
Year Published: 1994
Abstract: The use of raifices for commercial flow measurement has a long history dating back more than SO years. Orifices are extensively used in the United States natural gas, petroleum, and petrochemical industries and are important as one of the most practical ways to meter large volumes of gas flow. These meters are very reliable and cost effective and if properly used, can be reUed upon to give accurate results. Proper use normally requires the steady flows for which orifices were intended and for which the orifice coefficients were developed. In acmal field installations, flow is often not steady but subject to the periodic changes in pressure and velocity that are referred to as pulsations. Pulsations can be caused by compressors, pressure regulators, control valves, fluctuating loads, or by flow-induced phenomena within the piping. It is known and well recognized that pulsations cause errors in orifice meter results.

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