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Title: Measurement Fundamentals - Crude And Refined Products
Author: m. J. Joe Sergesketter
Source: 1987 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 1987
Abstract: All liquids expand and contract with changes in temperature. Water varies almost 2% per 100F, while a typical crude oil varies 2% per 40F and a gas condensate varies 2% per 35F. Corrections for changes in volume with changes in temperature must be made for accurate measurement because the price of liquid hydrocarbon products, whether crude oil or refined products, is based upon the volume that exists at a standard temperature, either 60F or 15C. Thus we have two major terms in liquid hydrocarbon measurement, gross volume and net volume

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