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Title: The Revised API Natural Gas Sampling Standard - A Review Of Changes And Additions
Author: Eric Kelner
Source: American Gas Association 2001
Year Published: 2001
Abstract: Over the past seven years, the Gas Technology Institute (GTI), the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the United States Minerals Management Service (MMS), have co-sponsored an extensive natural gas sampling methods research program at the GTI Metering Research Facility (MRF), located at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI). The results of this research provided a basis for the revision of Chapter 14.1 (i.e., Collecting and Handling of Natural Gas Samples for Custody Transfer) of the API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS). The revision is complete and will be published in 2001. The 2001 revision of Chapter 14.1 of the API MPMS provides guidance for obtaining representative samples of natural gas through spot, composite, and continuous sampling methods. It focuses on the practical application of thermodynamic principles that, if ignored, can cause a gas sample to become distorted, resulting in a biased gas analysis. If a biased analysis is used to calculate the heating value or other properties of the sampled gas, errors in excess of 10 percent may occur. This article draws on the information in the revised Chapter 14.1 and presents an overview of three common causes of gas sample distortion: (1) sample distortion due to equipment and processes that cause the sample gas temperature to drop below the hydrocarbon dew point temperature, (2) sample distortion caused by dirty or contaminated sampling systems and (3) sample distortion caused by sampling system components fabricated from materials known to affect the integrity of a natural gas sample. Recommendations for avoiding gas sample distortion according to the revised Chapter 14.1 are presented.

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