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Title: Determining Bolt Tension, Torque, And Application
Author: F. J. Allen, Jr.
Source: American Gas Association 1973
Year Published: 1973
Abstract: Several years ago, when I was in the drilling contracting business, running several large rigs inland and offshore Louisiana, an associate and I undertook lo design our way out of ihe problem of nippling up and down-assembly and disassembly of blowout preventers. For the uninitiated, blowout preventers are large flanged closures whose purpose is to prevent wells from blowing out should thev kick. Some of these stacks are tremendous, and have a number of large high pressure flanges with studs and nuts, some requiring up to several thousand foot pounds of torque to impart the proper tension to effect a proper and sure seal. Flange ratings of 5,000 psi are common up to sizes of 1314 inches with occasional application of 10,000 psi in sizes up to 16% inches. 15,000 psi in sizes up to 13% inches. and 20,000 psi in 7 1/16 inches nominal API size. These ratings refer to API std 6A and extensions industry has found necessary.

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