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Title: Problems Unique In Offshore Gas Measurement
Author: David Wofford
Source: 2007 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 2007
Abstract: First, we need to clear up a few common misperceptions. Measurement is Measurement is Measurement. Natural gas compounds dont think, metering and analytical systems dont care whether they are over water or dirt, and measurement standards are not only relevant to specific time zones. These are not intellectual beings that choose to exhibit behaviors based upon geography, culture, socioeconomics, political doctrine or the pursuit of spiritual fulfillment. Hydrocarbons are Hydrocarbons, Meters are Meters and Standards are Standards. Natural gas behaviors are defined within the laws of chemistry and physics. When hydrocarbons are extracted from the Earth, heated, cooled, filtered, swirled, separated, condensed, compressed, expanded, processed, refined, transported via a pipeline and quantified by a metering system, the hydrocarbon compounds dont care whether they are in the snow covered Rockies, windy West Texas, sunny Southern California or a hundred miles out to sea in the Gulf of Mexico. Hydrocarbon behaviors are non-discriminatory just equal opportunity combustible molecular structures seeking physical equilibrium in a man made world of cylindrical manipulation and containment. Now that weve cleared that up, what is so unique about offshore measurement problems? Well, from the quantitative and qualitative determination perspective, nothing really! The measurement problems are the same. (See previous discussion regarding the lack of cognitive subjectivity in hydrocarbon compounds) Multiphase fluids, swirling and turbulent flows, free liquids, poor system design, and primary, secondary and tertiary measurement element errors and uncertainties, to name a few, are common measurement problems experienced everywhere, regardless of locale. What is unique are the operational environment and constraints in comparison with typical onshore hydrocarbon pipeline, measurement and control facilities. The unique environment and constraints experienced offshore result in the necessity to give special consideration regarding the differences required for system design and facility operations, transportation, safety and training. These are the unique aspects of offshore measurement that will be addressed

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