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Title: Examination Of Ultrasonic Flow Meter In CO2-Rich Applications
Author: John Lansing
Source: American Gas Association 2009
Year Published: 2009
Abstract: Exploration of less conventional natural gas sources will lead to more diverse operating conditions and compositions for natural gas measurement. One significant challenge is increased levels of CO2 in the gas. While standard applications deal with levels well below 5 mole percent, this amount may be as high as 20 mole percent, or even higher at some installations. Additionally there are some applications where CO2 is the major gas component. Re-injection of CO2 into declining oilfields will require accurate and reliable flow measurement. Such applications contain up to 60% CO2 and require an accuracy level comparable to custody transfer for natural gas. While the flow measurement is currently being done primarily using Ap devices, such as orifice meters, it would be a significant improvement to use ultrasonic meters with their increased functionality, larger turndown ratio reduced maintenance, and diagnostic capabilities. Applications such as CCS (Carbon capture and storage) with CO2 concentrations near 100% are even feasible today.

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