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Title: Interface Detection In Liquid Pipelines
Author: Christopher B. Laird
Source: 2008 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 2008
Abstract: Pipelines that are used to move different types or grades of liquid petroleum face the problem of keeping these grades within their dedicated tanks. For example, a few gallons of gasoline can spoil thousands of gallons of diesel fuel. Figure 1 illustrates a pipeline that is moving three grades of products. In order to protect the integrity of a batch of liquid within the pipeline, it is necessary know where each liquid interface is within the pipeline so that tank farm valves can be properly aligned to receive the oil into the correct tank. This can be done by tracking the batch interface location based on the speed it travels through the pipeline. Obviously, interface speed is based on the liquid flow rate within the pipeline. However, experience has shown that mistakes are made in these calculations and the exact location of the interface is lost. Batching pigs can be used to provide a physical separation between batches however, this is generally inconvenient and costly.

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