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Title: Gri Research Program On Crack Arrest In 9% Nickel Steel
Author: E. J. Ripling, m. m. Mamoun, R. D. Stout
Source: American Gas Association 1983
Year Published: 1983
Abstract: The structural integrity of 9% nickel steels used in the fabrication of cryogenic containment vessels was first demonstrated in tests conducted in 1960, termed Operation Cryogenics. Since then more than 50 liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tanks fabricated from 9% nickel steels have been put into service. No brittle fractures have been reported in LNG vessels fabricated from 97o nickel steels and built in accordance with the requirements of API 620 Appendix Q or other equivalent standards. In spite of the excellent safety record exhibited by the large number of LNG storage tanks in service, a question was raised as to whether or not adequate testing has been carried out to ensure that a running crack in the wall of an LNG tank made of 9% nickel steel will be arrested. Consequently, the Gas Research Institute (GRI) considered it pertinent and prudent to examine the ability of 9% nickel steels to arrest a running crack at LNG temperatures should a crack be triggered at a flaw and grow because of unfavorable local circumstances. GRI sponsored a study at Lehigh University to review and evaluate critically the published literature on the crack arrest properties of 9% nickel steels at cryogenic temperatures and the test methods used to characterize these properties and to identify data gaps and research needs where necessary.

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