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Title: Nitrogen Induced Stratification In LNG Storage Tanks
Author: N. Chatterjee, J. m. Geist
Source: American Gas Association 1976
Year Published: 1976
Abstract: The presence of large concentrations of nitrogen in LNG introduces an additional factor to the stratification and roll-over problem in LNG storage tanks. Fill induced stratification can occur as a result of an inadequate understanding of the proper filling procedures spontaneous stratification can occur in a well-mixed tank of LNG containing nitrogen and can lead to periodic, but relatively mild, roll-overs. The stratification and boil-off problem is caused by the fact that when LNG with nitrogen weathers, the residual liquid is lighter or less dense due to the preferential boil-off of the nitrogen. Therefore, fresh LNG having the original density has to be top-filled to prevent stratification. This is the opposite of the recommended procedure for adding LNG without nitrogen. Thus an inadequate understanding of the effect of nitrogen on the weathering problem can lead to roll-over. The existing guidelines for proper filling methods, i.e., top-filling of heavier liquids and bottom fiUing of less dense liquids, avoid the problem of fill-induced stratification.

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