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Title: Natural Gas Sampling Recommendations And Common Deficiencies Impact Of API 14.1 On Industry Sampling Methods
Author: Fred Van Orsdol
Source: 2007 Natural Gas Sampling Technology Conference
Year Published: 2007
Abstract: The current scope of API Chapter 14.1 is directly related to commitments made to the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in the late 1980s. At that time, Ray Thompson with the BLM pointed out to me (as the lead industry spokesperson negotiating with the BLM on allocation measurement and other issues) that the industry had many gaps in its standards. He asked if we would close the gaps or if the BLM should plan on closing them for us. On behalf of the industry, and with full support from several API member companies and their representatives, I committed to Ray that we would close the gaps. Later, as Chairman of the API Committee of Gas Fluids Measurement for several years, I pushed to complete the commitments made to Ray. New standards and scope changes to existing standards resulting from that original commitment included API Chapter 20 (allocation measurement), API Chapter 21.1 (flow computers) and an expanded API Chapter 14.1. The scope of API 14.1 was modified to include spot, composite and continuous sampling systems and to include streams rich enough to be at or near their hydrocarbon dewpoint temperature at operating conditions, as well as streams that were processed and custody transfer pipeline quality. In the past, only gases at temperatures well above their hydrocarbon dewpoint were considered in the standards, but the methods in the standards were still applied to rich streams as well. So often, the most critical sampling is performed just downstream of production separators, so we felt this condition could no longer be ignored in the standards. Gas leaving a separator is exactly at its equilibrium vapor pressure and allowing the gas to cool or impact disturbances will produce liquids. Whenever these liquids form in a sampling system, sampling accuracy will suffer. Methods had to be developed to handle this common condition and produce representative samples.

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