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Title: Commercial Leak Standards Their Properties And Reliability
Author: S. A. Tison
Source: 1995 Measurement Science Conference
Year Published: 1995
Abstract: Standard leaks or leak artifacts are used extensively in industrial and research environments most typically for calibration of helium leak detectors. Two types of leak are generally used which have very different characteristics. The most commonly used leak is the helium permeation type which uses a glass or quartz element to restrict the flow of helium with a diffusion process. The second type of leak, usually referred to as a capillary leak, restricts the flow with a physical restriction typically very small diameter tubing. With the advent of increased concern about atmospheric gas emissions leak standards for refrigerant and other ozone-depleting gases have become of great importance. While they do not vary much in principle of operation, these types of leak standards are usually of quite different construction and have unique limitations and applicability. The properties and reliability of the above mentioned standard leaks will be presented with particular emphasis on helium permeation leaks which are most prevalently used.

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