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Title: Characterization of Five-Hole Probes used for Flow Measurement in Stack Emission Testing
Author: Iosif Shinder1, Aaron Johnson, Michael Moldover, James Filla, Vladimir Khromchenko
Source: 2018 International Symposium on Fluid Flow Measurement
Year Published: 2018
Abstract: We report progress towards the goal of reducing the errors in industrial smokestack flow measurements to 1 % by replacing S-probes with calibrated 3-D probes (i.e., probes that measure 3 components of velocity). NIST calibrated a commercially-manufactured spherical probe and a prism probe at air speeds (5 m/s to 30 m/s) and pitch angles (?20 to 20) using a yaw-nulling method similartoEPAsMethod 2F. Theexpandeduncertaintyfor3-Dairspeedmeasurementsofbothprobes was near 1 % at a 95 % confidence level. Most of this uncertainty is attributed to the reproducibility of the calibration measurements and the uncertainty of the NISTs laser doppler anemometer air- speed standard. Thus, the 1 % goal might be possible however, to obtain this low uncertainty, two significant uncertainties consistent with EPA Method 2F must be avoided. First, the Reynolds number dependence of the prism probe must be accounted for during probe calibration, and second, more stringent uncertainty requirements are needed for the yaw-pressure measurement at low flows.

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