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Title: Techniques Of Gas Sampling
Author: Michael A. Howard
Source: 1984 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 1984
Abstract: Why is qas sampling necessary? Why not just measure the volume, correct it for the appropriate temperature and pressure base, and buy it or sell it on that basis. The reason we cant do something that simple is that most people want natural gas for i t s heating value. Furthermore, they are interested in knowing what contaminants are contained in the gas. Unfortunately, the gas that flows down any pipel ine is not the same from one cubic foot to the next, nor is it the same at the wall of the pipe as it is at the center. Therefore, qas sampling is a d i f f i c u l t and important function which must be carried out by the people associated with gas measurement. Since it is not practical to analyze the e n t i r e stream we must take a sample from the gas stream that is representative of a l l of the gas flowing in the pipe. Another problem that arises is that we must now remove that sample of gas from a high pressure pipeline and transport it to an o n - s i te instrument or to a laboratory. We must frequently reduce the pressure and change the temperature in order to analyze or transport t h i s gas sample. When t h i s occurs, there is a p o s s i b i l i t y of a phase change to l i q u i d of some of the heavier hydrocarbons in the qas. If these heavy hydrocarbon components should condense in the sample l i n e or sample container, there is a good l i k e lihood that they w i l l not be properly analyzed when they f i n a l l y reach the a n a l y t i c a l instrument. Furthermore, some of the contaminants in the gas stream are quite reactive and may undergo a chemical change when moved from the pipeline to the sampling system. How is the best way to overcome a l l of the above l i s t e d problems?

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