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Title: Three Acoustic Flow Measurement Methods
Author: Paul Alves
Source: 1999 International Symposium on Fluid Flow Measurement
Year Published: 1999
Abstract: Three acoustic methods for flow measurements in pipes or ducts are presented here. These methods are based on plane wave acoustics and on the fact that the phase of a traveling plane wave will vary monotonically with frequency and distance traveled and will carry information about the flow velocity, The proposed methods have the advantage of being non-intrusive, and insensitive to pulsation. In fact, the pulsation and the noise present in the fluid serve as the acoustic source in the measurements. The first method called Three Station Method explores the changes in the phase of standing waves between two points in a pipe. The computation of the flow was made simple by effecting the calculation at certain frequencies where significant simplification was possible. This method provided reasonable results as an estimator method for the flow. The second method, the Two Station Method makes use of a single two-channel measurement of dynamic pressures at two stations located some distance apart in the pipe. The simplicity of the calculations required by this method makes it very attractive for field use. A variation of this method is also included here. The third method, called the Four Station Method makes use of four measurement transducers in the pipe. This method is sophisticated in its demands for data manipulation and computation but can be easily incorporated into an on-line flow measurement system. This method can be very precise in determining the mean flow rate under various conditions.

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