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Title: Experiences With Sonic Nozzles Used For Different Gases And Wide Range Of Pressure And Temperature Conditions
Author: Bodo Mickan, Rainer Kramer
Source: 2009 International Symposium on Fluid Flow Measurement
Year Published: 2009
Abstract: In the past years sonic nozzles were used in several inter-comparisons as transfer standards (e.g. 1, 2) and are assumed as the most stable artefacts. Nevertheless, the aim of the flow community to establish inter-comparisons including facilities with different operating ranges, different gases and wide ranges of temperature and pressure conditions needs a careful evaluation of the potential artefacts for such inter-comparisons. In this respect the influences of the operating conditions to the calibration values of sonic nozzles will be discussed in this paper and conclusions will be made. The base for the discussion in this paper is a set of measurements with sonic nozzles operated in a pressure range between 80 kPa and 5000 kPa, a temperature range of -2C to 23C and with gases humid air, dry air, nitrogen and natural gas.

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