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Title: On Estimation Of Water Cut Changes And Pvt Calculation Approaches In Virtual Flow Metering
Author: Mohamed Ibrahim, Dag Ljungquist
Source: 2019 North Sea Flow Measurement Workshop
Year Published: 2019
Abstract: Virtual flow metering (VFM) is playing a significant role in surveillance independently and in conjunction with multiphase measurement instrumentation. Many production wells do not have physical metering installed and count solely on VFM. Even when wells are complemented with thorough measurement instrumentation, VFM still adds value as a backup when sensors fail.An accurate approach for calculating thermodynamic and transport properties (for the rest of the article, PVT) is a key element for a successful VFM software. This is due to the fact that multiphase flow equations count on these properties as part of the closure. For example, the friction correlation requires viscosity as input.The fluids in production vary significantly in composition and consequently in properties and behaviour.Usually, a fluid sample is taken to specialized labs to analyze composition and provide experimental measurementsfor the behaviour of the fluid. However, the experimental data are discrete in nature and local.Therefore, a generic and a more continuous solution is desirable, hence, relying on modeling.There are several approaches to predict PVT. One of them is to use empirically fitted models, but these models always have poor extendibility and generality outside the fitted range and composition. Moreover, they are not thermodynamically consistent over phases. A more appropriate and physically grounded approach is the use of equations of state (EoSs). There are various categories of EoSs.Cubic EoSs like Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) 1, SRK with Huron Vidal mixing rules (SRK-HV) 2 and Peng-Robinson (PR) 3 are amongst the lightest in computations.Consequently, they are the most widely used in industry. Among the heaviest in computation time are the multi-parameters EoSs, which are at least one order of magnitude higher than Cubic EoSin computation time 4.Span-Wagner 5 for pureCO2 and GERG (Groupe Europeen de Recherches Gazieres) 6 for mixtures are examples of multi-parameters EoSs. The Cubic-Plus-Association (CPA) is one of the state-of-the-art approaches which has been a good compromise between accuracy and computation time.

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