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Title: The Impact On Measurement And Supply Of Natural Gas Due To The Formation And Presence Of Particles Within The Gas Stream
Author: David J. Pack
Source: 2012 International Symposium on Fluid Flow Measurement
Year Published: 2012
Abstract: Solid particles within natural gas transmission and distribution pipeline systems are known to create varying operational constraints for pipeline operators and end users - from nuisance value to complete stoppage of the gas flow. The solid particles can be extremely variable, both in composition and origin. The particles can consist of discrete elements, or be mechanically and/or chemically driven combinations of soils, iron oxides, iron sulphides, sulphur compounds, salts, metal oxides, hydrocarbons and other contaminants. The most commonly reported contamination related problem is that of the so-called black powder. However, more recently, a new form of contamination has been causing concern for both pipeline operators and in particular industrial end users such as gas turbine equipped power generators. This contamination is mostly sulphur related and is termed as the elemental sulphur formation and deposition process

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