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Title: Design Criteria Used To Prevent Pipeline Stresses Both Before And After Installation Of Steel Pipe- A Utilities Viewpoint
Author: John D. Mcnorgan
Source: American Gas Association 1980
Year Published: 1980
Abstract: Although gas utilities differ in many ways, they share a common factor. The differences may be in the number of customers, geographic location, climatic conditions or source of supply, but the common factor is the gas main. We all have pipe in the ground, running from the point of supply to our customers. Gas mains, and all our pipelines, are designed with a common objective to transport our product, gas, safely and economically. Safety suggests that the pipe be thick, while economy calls for the pipe to be thin. Pipe design balances these opposing forces on a rational basis. The primary design tool used in pipe design is the well-known Barlow formula. It establishes maximum allowable operating pressures as a function of wall thickness, grade of material, design factors (for temperature, pipe joints and class location) and pipe diameter. Barlows formula, however, does not cover the incidental or secondary stresses which can affect a gas line. These stresses can occur before, during and after construction. They should be evaluated as part of the overall design.

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