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Title: H2S Detections And Determination
Author: Patrick J. Moore
Source: 1990 Gulf Coast Measurement Short Course (Now called ASGMT)
Year Published: 1990
Abstract: Hydrogen suifide is measured in the natural gas industry for three main reasons: 1) personal safety, 2) corrosion control, and 3) contractual obligations. Because hydrogen sulfide is very toxic, leaks must be detected rapidly to prevent injury and loss of life. Toxicity information based on the concentration of hydrogen sulfide and the time of exposure can be found in table 1, At low ppm/vol concentrations hydrogen sulfide has a rotten egg odor. As the concentration increases ones sense of smell is no longer useful for detecting the presence of hydrogen sulfide. Concentrations above 700 ppm/vol are almost instantaneously lethal. I Corrosion control and contractual obligations are interrelated. Contractual limits on the hydrogen sulfide concentration in natural gas exist to prevent excessive corrosion on a pipeline thus protecting the economic investment of the transmission company. Hydrogen sulfide reacts with the metal of the pipeline to generate molecular hydrogen. Because hydrogen is a very small molecule it can penetrate into the metal causing a loss of ductility. If there are tensile stresses on the metal, cracking can result. As the ductility of the metal decreases it becomes more susceptible to hydrogen attack. This form of corrosion is called hydrogen embhttiement. When the pipeline fails, product is lost creating a hazardous explosive condition.

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