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Title: A Preliminary Assessment Of The Effects Of Profile Distortions On Gas Ultrasonic Meter Accuracy
Author: James W. Bowen
Source: American Gas Association 2003
Year Published: 2003
Abstract: It has been shown that Installation Effects can shift the meter factors of ultrasonic gas flow meters, where these effects are generally attributed to flow profiles distorted by swirl, asymmetry or a combination of the two, which result from combinations of elbows, tees and/or headers upstream of the meter. High performance flow conditioners militate against these disturbances, but subtle changes in observed flow profiles have been found in installations utilizing such profiling devices. The probable cause for these observed changes in meter factor is a shift in Reynolds Number due to changes in friction factor wrought by variation of the boundary layer at the gas-pipe wall interface due to an accumulation of dirt or oil on the pipe wall, or on the flow conditioner itself.

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