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Title: Crude Oil Blending
Author: Kevin B. Macdougall
Source: 2006 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 2006
Abstract: There are a number of applications that require blending of crude oil or other hydrocarbons and they include transportation needs, pipeline capacity, product value and refining efficiency. Crude oil blending is accomplished by two methods: on-line blending and tank blending. On-line Blending In this method two or more components are injected from separate pipelines and are mixed in a single line. Ensuring adequate mixing is a necessity and often requires some type of in-line static mixer or mechanical mixing device. The use of piping elements alone may not provide adequate mixing. The efficiency of this method will depend upon the resulting streams Reynolds number, the type and number of piping elements, and the time allowed for mixing. With either method, the use of an injection quill for the smaller of the two streams will assist in mixing. Often only the smaller streams flow rate is varied whereas the larger is kept constant. The ratio of the two streams depends upon a controlling parameter that is monitored downstream of the common injection point. Such monitoring can be performed automatically using on-line analytical equipment or manually by collection of samples. The manual collection method can provide a semi-automatic operation at best. The injection rate of the smaller stream is based upon the sample analysis. An improvement in this application would be a ration control system where the flow rates of both streams are measured and the analysis from the manual sample determines the setpoint for the ratio. This is beneficial where the flow rate of the larger stream tends to vary.

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