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Title: From The Wellhead To The Burner Tip: A System Overview
Author: John Rafferty
Source: 2006 Appalachian Gas Measurement Short Course
Year Published: 2006
Abstract: This paper is presented at the Appalachian Gas Measurement Short Course - Fundamentals Section. The paper is designed for the first year student to understand the basic flow of natural gas and the terminology utilized from Production and Storage areas to end use by consumers. Specific focus is given to history of natural gas, gas transmission, city gate stations, and distribution systems. NATURAL GAS DEFINITIONS Natural gas is a mixture of gasses extracted from reserves trapped deep below the earth or ocean. Natural gas and most hydrocarbons such as waxes, oils, propane, etc. are derived from the decomposition of plants and animal trapped below the earths surface or the ocean floor. Natural gas is extracted on its own but in many cases refined from the extraction of other hydrocarbons. The predominant gas that composes natural gas is a hydrocarbon known as methane. It consists of one atom of Carbon, and four atoms of Hydrogen. In a perfect world, the natural gas extracted from the ground would be 100% methane. In order for the extraction and refining process to be economically feasible, the gas composition produced is somewhat less than perfect. Methane typically makes up 90-96% of natural gass composition,

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