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Title: Gas Measurement By Pipe Elbows
Author: T. G. Craig
Source: 1966 Appalachian Gas Measurement Short Course
Year Published: 1966
Abstract: There are many methods available for the measurement of flowing fluids. The common method employs the differential pressure principle, using as a head producing element such a device as a concentric, eccentric or segmental orifice, a flow nozzle, a ventuii tube or an elbow. The thin square-edge concentric orifice is, of course, the standard in our industry because it is economical and practical, has rangeability and. above other reasons, it is reproducible with relative accuracy without individual calibration. Custody transfer of fluids, both gases and liquids, in the amount of millions of dollars is accomplished by this method throughout the world. However, there is often need of measurement for purposes other than custody transfer, such as control or system operating information. In the interest of maximum economy in an installation investment, with the advantage of minimum net head loss and with some recognized but tolerable inaccuracy, an uncalibrated elbow may serve such a measurement requirement.

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