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Title: Energy Measurement Utilizing On-Line Chromatographs
Author: Derrill Meyer
Source: 2009 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 2009
Abstract: In most cases today, natural gas custody transfer contracts have an energy specification and use MMBtu1 (million Btu) as the standard unit of measure rather than just gas volume. A Btu, British thermal unit, is a measure of heat or Calorific Value, CV. One Btu is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water from 58.5F to 59.5F (Approx. CV 1055.056 Joules SI2). Heat is regularly gained by the burning of natural gas, and as the energy content of the natural gas increases, so does the heat (energy) received from burning it. For example, to heat a home with natural gas that is 1050 Btu/Scf will require less gas volume than using natural gas that is 980 Btu/Scf, as the Btu value is the actual amount of heat energy contained in a cubic foot (cf) of this natural gas. The combination of volume and Btu measurements enable companies to bill on an energy basis. Since natural gas markets as a whole are making transactions based on energy, it has become increasingly important at lower and lower volumes to calculate real time energy flow rates.

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