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Title: Cooling Of Arctic Natural Gas Pipelines
Author: Graeme King
Source: American Gas Association 1977
Year Published: 1977
Abstract: Proposed Arctic natural gas pipelines have gas refrigeration facilities to stabilize the frozen ice-rich right-of-way. Without some means of cooling, the gas temperature of large scale Artic pipelines would cascade from station to station and reach unacceptable levels. Cooling facilities achieve large reductions in temperature and significantly increase the flow. The increase is enhanced by high operating pressures which, because of the non) ideal behaviour of natural gas, exaggerate the increase of density when the temperature decreases. The increase in flow more than counterbalances the cost of refrigeration, aircooling, and other special designs. Low gas temperatures make good economic sense as well as providing an environmentally acceptable solution to the problems of transporting large volumes of gas from the Artic.

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