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Title: FUNDAMENTALS OF WATER VAPOR MEASUREMENT IN NATURAL GAS
Author: Ken Soleyn
Source: 2018 Appalachian Gas Measurement Short Course
Year Published: 2018
Abstract: The measurement of moisture in natural gas is an important parameter for the processing, storage and transportation of natural gas. Natural gas is dehydrated prior to introduction into the pipeline and distribution network. For interstate custody transfer of natural gas maximum allowable levels are set by tariff, normally expressed in terms of absolute humidity in pounds per million cubic feet (lbs/ mmscf). The dew point temperature (C or F Td) is of interest to insure that liquid water or ice does condense in the system. Moisture concentration in parts per million (ppmv) is used in Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Several technologies exist for the online measurement and for spot sampling. A review of the most commonly used instruments using the following technologies: chilled mirror, impedance sensors, quartz microbalance, and tunable diode laser adsorption will be discussed. An intercomparison of those technologies with consideration to the measurement range, accuracy, long-term drift, response time, maintenance and gas sample conditioning will be provided.

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