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Title: SAFE HANDLING AND SAMPLING OF LIQUID PRODUCTS
Author: John Drzayich
Source: 2022 Appalachian Gas Measurement Short Course
Year Published: 2022
Abstract: The Marcellus and Utica shale plays are rich with com- ponents of high value. Natural gas wells in these regions contain condensate liquid which can be processed and used as a blend stock for producing gasoline blends. The natural gas produced from these wells contains more than just methane. Valuable liquid components are also present which can be processed and separated through various refining processes and sold as individual purity products. The cryogenic process of removing methane yields natu- ral gas liquids (NGL), which contain many hydrocarbons including ethane, propane, isobutane, normal butane, and natural gasoline (a mixture of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons). Understanding the physical properties of these liquid com- ponents is important to ensure the proper safety proce- dures are followed and the proper sampling techniques are utilized to maintain the sample in a single liquid phase. A phase diagram should be used to determine the tempera- ture and associated pressure at which the hydrocarbon liq- uid being sampled will reach its bubble point and begin to flash off vapors (Figures 1-8). The sample analysis is only as good as the sample being analyzed!

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