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Title: Determination Of Energy Flow In Natural Gas Pipelines: Direct Measurement Vs Chromatography
Author: W. H. Clingman
Source: 1987 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 1987
Abstract: The calorific value of gaseous fuels is more variable than in the past. Thus it is desirable to charge customers for the energy delivered rather than the volume delivered. The present approach used in the gas industry is to separately measure the volume delivered and the calorific value and then combine these two quantities to obtain delivered energy. Because of the large gas volumes and costs, measurements are required with as high an accuracy as possible. Continuous and precise volume measurement at a custody transfer site has always been a goal of the industry. This is now well achieved with orfice meters and positive displacement meters. (1) Energy delivered is the product of the volumetric flow and calorific value. This paper discusses alternative methods for measuring calorific value with emphasis on the requirements for accuracy in each case

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