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Title: Measurement Fundamentals - Crude And Refined Products
Author: m. J. Joe Sergesketter
Source: 1988 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 1988
Abstract: Ul liquids expand and contract with changes in emperature. Water varies almost 2% per 100F, ihile a typical crude oil varies 2% per 40F and a gas :ondensate varies 2% per 35F. Corrections for ihanges in volume with changes in temperature must e made for accurate measurement because the price f liquid hydrocarbon products, whether crude oil or efined products, is based upon the volume that exists it a standard temperature, either 60F or 15C. Thus ve have two major terms in liquid hydrocarbon neasurement, gross volume and net volume. ross volume is the volume of liquid that passes hrough the meter at line conditions of temperature tnd pressure. If the temperature is above 60F, the iquid will have expanded and will register a higher olume than the standard volume. If the liquid emperature is below 60F, the liquid will have :ontracted and the meter will register less than the olume at 60F. For these reasons, temperature :orrection factors are applied to the gross volume and he resulting figure is known as the net volume. The standards for measurement of liquid hydrocarbons ire available in the API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapters 4, 5, 6 and 12. This aper will summarize some of the fundamentals that ire defined in the API measurement manual.

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