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Title: Pull-Out Forces On Joints In Polyethylene Pipe Systems
Author: Karel G. Toll
Source: American Gas Association 1977
Year Published: 1977
Abstract: The minimum Federal Standards, Title 49. regulating natural gas distribution requires the utility to properly design and install pipeline joints as stated in paragraph 192.273 following: Subpart F - Joining of Materials Other Than by Welding 192.273 General (a) The pipeline must be designed and installed so that each joint will sustain the longitudinal pull-out or thrust forces caused by contraction or expansion of the piping or by anticipated external or internal loading. (b) Each joint must be made in accordance with written procedures that have been proven by test or experience to produce strong gas tight joints. (c) Each joint must be inspected to insure compliance with this subpart. In an effort to aid the utility gas distribution engineer in establishing meaningful company standards to comply with Federal Regulations, this write-up presents information and specific examples of practical field application concerning pull-out forces to which a typical PE (polyethylene) system is subjected. Although this report deals with the subject of pull-out, there are. of course, other considerations to be included in design and installation of a PE piping system, in particular, bending limits for pipe and pipe with fittings.

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