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Title: Sensor system for detecting gas hydrate formation and deposition in multiphase flow
Author: Kjetil Folger, Kjetil Haukalid Jan Kocbach Kjell Magne Askvik Matthew R. Walsh
Source: 2018 North Sea Flow Measurement Workshop
Year Published: 2018
Abstract: Long mu ltiphase transport distances and development of deepwater reservoirs call for flow assurance technologies that expand the current operational envelope into the hydrate regime. Operators and research groups are developing better risk assessment tools that e nable operation with lower thermodynamic safety margins and less use of chemicals without risk for hydrate plugging. However, there is currently a lack of metering technologies that can monitor the multiphase transport and provide early warning of hydrate formation and deposition. In this paper, we present a sensor system that detects and characterizes hydrate formation and deposition by measuring and analyzing the permittivity spectrum of the multiphase flow. The sensor system has been adapted to hydrate monitoring in multiphase flow by CMR in close cooperation with Equinor in project s funded by Norwegian Deepwater Programme, and verified in high pressure flow loop studies with support from DeepStar and Chevron . Example results from a high pressure multiphase flow loop experiment is presented in this paper.

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