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Title: Capacitive Ultrasonic Transducers For Gas Flow Metering Applications
Author: William Wright, Salem Brini
Source: Flomeko 2005
Year Published: 2005
Abstract: There are various types of flowmeter used in gas flow measurements, including differential pressure meters 1, turbine meters 2-3, and positive displacement meters 4. These common flowmeters are all well characterized and readily available. However, they may cause an unsatisfactory obstruction to the gas flow and an associated pressure drop in the system. Ultrasonic flowmeters 5 are another type of flowmeter that use the interaction of acoustic waves with the moving fluid to measure the fluid flowrate. Ultrasonic flowmeters have many advantages over traditional techniques: they offer little or no obstruction to fluid flow, have a fast response, and may produce a negligible pressure drop in the system. There are three basic ultrasonic techniques. The first operates using Doppler shift 5 and hence relies on the frequency variations between the transmitted and received signals. The second uses crosscorrelation to provide an estimate of the time for a particular disturbance in the flow to travel between two ultrasonic beams a known distance apart 6-7. The third technique makes use of the ultrasonic time-of-flight between transducers using paths upstream and downstream in the fluid flow and such devices are known as transit time ultrasonic flowmeters.

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