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Title: Techniques Of Gas Spot Sampling
Author: Jane Williams
Source: 2012 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 2012
Abstract: This paper will discuss the various approved methods used for spot sampling in the natural gas industry. Proper sampling technique is extremely important because it impacts both the quantity and quality of the gas being measured. Up until 1978 when congress passed the Natural Gas Policy Act, natural gas was sold based on volume. The Natural Gas Policy Act implemented selling of natural gas based on the energy available in the gas being sold. Consequently, the importance of sampling to determine the BTU content of the natural gas sold became much more important. The energy available in a gas stream is the product of the volume and the BTU content of the gas sold. In order to determine the BTU content of the gas, a sample must be captured and analyzed by a gas chromatograph or calorimeter. Typically, the industry utilizes gas chromatographs to make this determination. The sampling method is frequently a function of the volume of gas sold over the period. If the volume sold is small the technique used is usually the spot sampling method, which is the method covered in this paper. In spot sampling, the sample is obtained and transported to a laboratory for analysis by a gas chromatograph. If significant volume is transferred over the period, a composite sample might be utilized and analyzed. This method is more expensive and thus requires more volume. When very large volumes are measured, an online gas chromatograph is justified. Today, an online gas chromatograph can provide a complete C6+ analysis in approximately four minutes. However, the cost of the system is high, which is why it is only utilized at significant volume locations.

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