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Title: Regulations Affecting Surface Impoundments
Author: Mike Innerarity
Source: American Gas Association 1985
Year Published: 1985
Abstract: other industries, has used a variety of pits, ponds, and lagoons to hold or treat liquid wastes. These surface impoundments have been popular because they have been a relatively inexpensive way to hold large volumes of liquids. Designs range from a simple hole in the ground to sophisticated structures with double liners, leachate collection systems, and monitoring wells. They may hold nothing more than stormwater runoff or they may contain produced water, hydrocarbons, sludges, chromate, or anything else someone needed to get rid of over the years. Pollutants from surface impoundments may enter the environment in three ways. They may be emitted to the atmosphere through evaporation or aeration they may be discharged to surface waters through a spillway or by pumping or, they may percolate downward into the groundwater. There are several environmental laws that may apply to surface impoundments. How they apply depends on the nature of the pollutant and the way in which it is released to the environment. Emissions to the atmosphere are, at present, the avenue of least concern. The only regulations that usually apply are odor nuisance provisions under state air pollution laws. However, Congress is looking hard at the issue of toxic air pollutants. If toxics are present in the wastewater and are emitted through evaporation or aeration, these sources may be subject to tighter controls in the future.

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