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Title: Fundamentals Of Gas Pressure Regulation
Author: Richard J. Golomb
Source: 1986 Gulf Coast Measurement Short Course (Now called ASGMT)
Year Published: 1986
Abstract: Natural gas is a fluid that is compressible. When gas is compressed it creates a pressure which, except for very low pressures, is measured as LBS/lN (PSl). This resulting pressure acts as the force which moves the natural gas through the pipeline. Without this pressure (force), there could be no utilization of natural gas. Natural gas is taken from field-processing facilities, compressed, and transported over long distances thru large diameter, relatively high pressure gas transmission pipelines. At different points in the gas transmission pipeline this natural gas is reduced In pressure and is transferred to distribution pipelines,which are generally smaller in diameter and lower in pressure than the transmission pipelines. Finally the natural gas is reduced in pressure again from the distribution pipeline, to a near-atmospheric pressure, at the point of use. At each point when the gas is reduced in pressure, this pressure reduction is accomplished by a gas regulator. These gas regulators provide an automatic, safe, efficient, and stable way of reducing the gas pressures and flow requirements in the pipeline, so the gas can be measured and finally consumed efficiently. To understand how these regulators accomplish the reduction of pressures and flows we must understand the basic fundamentals of a regulators design and operation.

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