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Title: Large Capacity Gas Regulators
Author: J. A. Bonner
Source: 1966 Southwestern Gas Measurement Short Course (Now called ISHM)
Year Published: 1966
Abstract: There are many types of regulators that could be classed large capacity. These various designs incorporate a valve or throttling mechanism with a suitable control mechanism. The most common design is the double ported balanced valve. The funamental principles of regulation have been the subject of many excellent papers, however, a brief review will assist in developing the systems to be discussed later. Gas regulators consist of three basic elements a throttling device, measuring element, and a loading element. The throttling device is a variable restriction which, by its position, restricts flow. The measuring element measures the parameter which is required to be maintained and the loading element provides the power to properly position the valve. Many times the measuring element and loading element are one and the same. Pressure control is the reduction of high pressure inlet gas to some desired lower pressure. This is accomplished by restricting flow into the downstream system to the same value as the flow out of the downstream. If too much gas is passed the pressure would rise, and if too little, the pressure would fall. The amount of gas passing a restriction is a function of the differential pressure across the restriction, therefore, the greater the differential across the valve the greater the flow for a given valve position. This characteristic holds true until the gas velocity reaches the speed of sound and then a greater differential does not produce increased flow. Sonic flow occurs when the outlet pressure (absolute) is approximately half the valve of the inlet pressure. This throttling device may be one of any number of designs, the principles are still the same. The control means is limited on many regulator designs, however, the balanced valve regulator provides the greatest variation and some form can be found in all other designs. Mechanical variations are many but each control accomplishes the same function if reduced to its fundamentals.

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