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Title: Extreme Sampling: Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Author: H-P Visser, Christiaan Mul
Source: 2016 Natural Gas Sampling Technology Conference
Year Published: 2016
Abstract: As known, a typical LNG composition starts to boil at - 162 ? C or - 260 ? F at atmospheric pressure. Even in climates with extreme winter conditions and ambient temperatures around - 4 0 ? C , the extreme temperature difference can cause pre - vaporization of a product sample before the LNG reach es the vaporizer. This phenomen on results in erratic reading s from the analyz er down stream of the vaporizer , which is typically a g as c hromatograph (GC). Furthermore , the energy content calculations are based on the outcome of the GC therefore , the reported energy content can also be wrong. Since the trade of LNG is based on the amount of energy delivered , the re can be a significant revenue loss for the seller from inaccurate billing to the buyer

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