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Title: Effects Of Abnormal Conditions On Accuracy Of Orifice Measurement
Author: Thomas B. Morrow
Source: 2006 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 2006
Abstract: In 1971 E. J. Burgin of Florida Gas Transmission Company presented a paper at ISHM entitled Factors Affecting Accuracy of Orifice Measurement (Primary Element). Burgin noted that AGA Report No. 3 (of that time) claimed that an orifice meter with flange taps and with a diameter ratio, , between 0.15 and 0.7, fabricated and operated in accordance with the specifications in the standard, would have a discharge coefficient value within 0.5% of the value calculated from the orifice equation. The purpose of Burgins paper was to examine some of the specifications in the orifice meter standard and to review the effect upon measurement accuracy when the specifications are ignored. Burgin reviewed data from tests sponsored by the AGA Gas Measurement Committee during the period 1925- 1930 as well as additional field-test data taken at Florida Gas Transmission Company. Kemp summarized several of the most significant orifice measurement errors on one page. Every entry on Kemps list is an undermeasurement error. That is, the actual gas flow rate exceeds the indicated flow rate. The magnitudes of the under-measurement errors ran from less than 1% to from 10% to 25%. There is a large financial incentive to avoid the kinds of abnormal conditions that produce errors of this magnitude.

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