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Title: Measurement And Regulation In Connection With Underground Storage
Author: W.R. King
Source: 1966 Southwestern Gas Measurement Short Course (Now called ISHM)
Year Published: 1966
Abstract: The primary object of measurement in underground storage is the verification of inventory. A secondary function is its use as a tool to evaluate individual well performances during injection and withdrawal. Regulation is used to control pressure during injection and volume during withdrawal. Aquifer storage reservoirs are pressure-sensitive, and injection pressures must be carefully controlled. Before getting into the details of measurement and regulation in underground storage, it might be instructive to discuss some of the generalities and to see how underground storage fits into the natural gas business. A broader background will help in understanding the unusual conditions that exist in an underground storage field. Natural gas has been stored by many different methods. These include low pressure above-ground gas holders, higher pressure storage in buried pipes, and liquified gas in refrigerated containers. These methods are all limited in their usefulness by their small volumes and high cost. The only economical method of storing large quantities of natural gas is underground storage. Underground storage is in the injection of natural gas under pressure into the pores of a reservoir rock during those periods of the year when the supply of gas available from the pipeline exceeds the market requirements and withdrawal of the gas when the market requirements exceed the supply available from the pipeline. In order to understand the need for underground storage, it is necessary to review some of the factors involved in the natural gas business. A long-distance pipeline is a major capital investment. To pay out, it must generate adequate revenues by carrying large volumes of gas

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