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Title: Metrological Control Of Gas Flow Measurement And Conservation Of Mass Analysis In The Bolivia-Brazil Gas Pipeline
Author: Julio Palhares, Alcir Orlando, Mauricio Frota
Source: Flomeko 2005
Year Published: 2005
Abstract: Natural resources -natural gas is no exception- generally represents emotional assets of a nation. Not surprisingly too much political debate, governmental whims and economic disarray in both producing and consuming countries have so far prevented a global market to emerge. But there are some financial hurdles too. Shipping gas remains more expensive than shipping oil. Elaborate infrastructure of gas processing (liquefaction plants, storage tanks, re-gasification) is more costly than its oil counterpart. And the transport of gas from wellhead to market requires technologically sophisticated pipelines. Yet its relatively low environmental impact, especially for electric power generation, has attracted consumers wishful to live in a gas-fed world. This, of course, would imply a greater need for cooperation between exporting and importing countries and a constructive dialog between contractual parties to promote the gas industry. After a number of years negotiating mutually agreeable terms and overcoming regional political differences, Brazil and Bolivia finally signed in the mid-1990s a trade agreement to supply Brazil with Bolivian gas for forty years. The consequences were two-fold: Bolivias gas met Brazils growing need to diversify its energy matrix - essentially of hydroelectric origin- and prompted large sums of capital to build up a large-scale gas infrastructure to boost a promising domestic market limited until 1998 to refineries and the oil offshore exploration. As a result, a surge in consumption by industrial consumers- which were responsible for approximately 75 % of the 15 million cubic meters of gas already being transported by Brazilian pipelines in 2000 - brought about the need for improved gas measurement, safety and control. Today, around 45 out of 70 million cubic meters of the total systems capacity are being transported to reach, after a substantial increase in production, an astonishing 90 million cubic meters by the end of this year 1.

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