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Title: Thermal Gradient Effects On Ultrasonic Flowmeters In The Laminar Flow Regime
Author: Gregor Brown Don Augenstein Herb Estrada Chris Laird Terry Cousins
Source: 2010 North Sea Flow Measurement Workshop
Year Published: 2010
Abstract: With the rising oil price and depletion of conventional oil reserves the production of heavy oil is becoming increasingly common. The high viscosity of heavy oils presents measurement challenges for most types of flow meter. Ultrasonic meters can be used for measurement of high viscosity oils. In order to do so there are two challenges that are commonly acknowledged: (1) the need to overcome increased signal attenuation and (2) the requirement to operate accurately through the transition region where velocity profiles vary dramatically. It is often assumed that accurate measurement is the laminar regime is less difficult than in transitional flow. However, relatively little information on the performance of ultrasonic meters in laminar flow has been published.

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