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Title: The Effects Of Pipe Wall Roughness Upon The Flow Field Downstream Of Two Close Coupled 90O Out Of Plane Elbows
Author: Gerald L. Morrison, Karine Tung
Source: 1999 International Symposium on Fluid Flow Measurement
Year Published: 1999
Abstract: A numerical simulation of the flow field inside a 0.203 m ID pipe operating at a Reynolds number of 7,300,000 with natural gas has been performed. The pipeline geometry consists of two diameters of straight pipe upstream of two 90o elbows separated by one pipe diameter of straight pipe. The two elbows are mounted such that the planes of the elbows are at 90o to each other. Downstream of the elbows, fifty pipe diameters of straight pipe are present. The inlet condition to the pipeline segment is fully developed flow. The initial solution obtained was for smooth pipe walls. The two elbows out of plane generated a large vortex centered on the pipe centerline which causes the flow to swirl around the pipe centerline. Subsequent simulations incrementally increased the wall roughness. As the pipe wall roughness was increased, the flow became axisymmetric quicker, the axial velocity centerline velocity increased along with the axial velocity near the wall decreasing and the swirl decreased in magnitude.

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