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Title: Velocity Measurement In Boiler Tubes Using A Novel Ultrasonic Flow Measurement Technique.
Author: Prof. m. L. Sanderson, Dr. R. H. Al-Rabeh
Source: Flomeko 2003
Year Published: 2003
Abstract: A method is reported here for the ultrasonic measurement of flow in boiler super-heater tubes. The tubes are in a tube bank formation running at high temperature (typically 300C) and pressure (typically 100bar). To enhance heat transfer, the tubes in this application are ribbed internally with thick helical ribs. Further, all measurements have to be made on one side of the tube bank to avoid direct radiation on the fire side. Conventional ultrasound methods are difficult to apply in these conditions. The combination of thick steel walls, internal ribbing and the substantial temperature and density gradients do not provide for a well defined sound beam path. Instead a new method is proposed to measure the flow rate using the properties of the frequency spectrum of the noise imposed on the sound beam by random fluctuations in the velocity and density of the fluid caused by the nature of the flow in such tubes.

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