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Title: Temperature Changes Across Orifice Meters
Author: Ali Niazi, Sahan Thalayasingam
Source: 2001 North Sea Flow Measurement Workshop
Year Published: 2001
Abstract: When a real gas flows through an orifice plate, an irrecoverable pressure loss occurs downsteam due to the expansion of the gas, which results in a temperature drop. Knowledge of the density of the gas at upstream conditions is necessary for accurate calculation of flow rate. If density is measured, a density cell is normally installed at a tapping downstream of the orifice-plate meter, as shown in Figure 1 below. Densitometers incorporate their own temperature sensor but if density is calculated from the gas composition, a temperature sensor is installed in a downstream thermowell. The measurement is made some 8D downstream of the orifice plate in order to avoid flow disturbances.

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