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Title: Hybrid Lightning & Surge Protection For The Gas Pipeline Industry
Author: Donald R. Long
Source: 2005 Appalachian Gas Measurement Short Course
Year Published: 2005
Abstract: The challenge facing the gas measurement and pipe line industry today is how to accurately compress, transfer, quantify, odorize, and deliver millions of cubic feet of gaseous hydrocarbons as reliably, efficiently and economically as possible. In order to accomplish this task, the industry increasingly relies on field instrumentation, much of it smart, connected via copper pathways to microprocessor based SCADA and PLC networks that form the backbone of the measurement and delivery control system. At the very same time, these control systems are highly vulnerable both in design and location to natures fury in the form of 200,000 ampere bolts of lightning! Is lightning a reality for a particular location? Where does it come from? How does it actually get into the control network? Is lightning the only form of surge to be concerned with? What devices can be used to prevent lightning and surge damage to both field instruments and I/O? Can proper grounding be the ultimate answer?

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