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Title: Design, Operation & Maintenance Of L.A.C.T. Units
Author: Glen E. Meador, Ken Steward
Source: 2007 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 2007
Abstract: The two most common methods of measuring the volume of petroleum liquids are tank gauging and liquid metering. The problems associated with tank gauging are (1) it requires that an operator make an accurate liquid level determination by climbing to the top of the tank to be gauged, (2) that an operator make an accurate average liquid temperature determination, (3) that an operator make an accurate sediment and water content analysis and (4) that the tank be static, which means that no liquid can enter or leave the tank during gauging. Once the contents of the tank are removed, it is necessary to regauge the tank. Since crude oil is sold on the basis of temperature, API Gravity and the amount of Basic Sediment and Waste (BS&W), it is very important to make accurate measurements. The greatest effect on volume is temperature - typical crude oil will expand and contract at the rate of 2% per 40 F temperature change. The accumulation of errors present in the tank gauging may be as high as 1%. The potential annual losses in revenue, based on daily lease production and on 60.00 per barrel oil

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