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Title: Fundamentals Of Gas Chromatography
Author: Merle Bell
Source: 2011 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 2011
Abstract: Btu is the three letter acronym for British thermal unit. One Btu is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water from 58.5 F to 59.5F (about 1055.056 joules (SI)). Heat (Btu), is gained from the burning of Natural Gas otherwise known as Oxidation, which is shown in the chemical equations below: ? CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O + HEAT (1010 Btu/CF) ? 2C2H6 + 7O2 4CO2 + 6H2O + HEAT (1769 Btu/CF) ? C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O + HEAT (2516 Btu/CF) This HEAT is the valuable commodity that makes Natural Gas production, transmission and distribution profitable as an enterprise. The purpose of this paper is to describe how this heat amount can be obtained from the gas composition. The method for attaining this composition will also be discussed. Gas chromatography is today being chosen more and more in the natural gas industry for monitoring of gas quality. The calculations of the gas volumes in modern electronic flow meters requires not only Btu information, but specific gravity, Mol. % CO2 and Mol. % N2 as well. In addition, the current AGA-8 compressibility equations for the detailed method of calculation of Fpv,, the AGA 10 Speed of Sound equations and the SRK and Peng-Robinson Hydrocarbon Dew Point (HCDP) calculations also require a complete analysis. In the past, on line calorimeters were used to obtain heating value, but today, modern micro-packed columns are providing faster cycle times for time critical Btu measurement applications. For these reasons mentioned above, and the fact that the installation requirements for chromatographs are less stringent than calorimetric methods, the use of gas chromatographs has become standard practice

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